SteamIndex

Southern locomotive types

Bradley, D.L. Locomotives of the Southern Railway. London: RCTS. 1975/6.. 2v.

Maunsell

4-4-0 type "V" class passenger locomotive for the Southern Railway. Engineering, 1930, 129, 408; 412. illus., diagr. (s. & f. els.)
NEW express locomotives, Southern Railway. Rly Engr. 1930, 51, 176-8. illus., diagrs. (incl.. s. el.), plan.
Includes detailed sectionalized working drawings.
NEW 4-4--0 locomotives ("Schools" class). Southern Railway. Rly Mag., 1930, 66, 359 + plate f.p. 337. illus.
NEW 4-4-0 type locomotives, Southern Railway. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1930, 20, 137-40. illus., diagr. (s. & f. els.)
SOUTHERN Ry., new 4-4-0 express locomotives. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1930, 36, 109-10. illus., diagr. (s. el.)

Retrospective and critical
Bond, R.C. Organisation and control of locomotive repairs on British Railways. J. lnstn Loco. Engrs, 1953, 43, 175-216. (Paper No. 520)
Includes mileage/overhaul statistics for the class.
Holcroft, H. discussion on Cox, E.S. and F.C. Johansen Locomotive frames. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1948, 38, 81-196.
Pp. 134-8.: Details of trouble experienced with the V class.
Johansen, F.C. Wind tunnel experiments in Holcroft, H. Smoke deflectors for locomotives. J. lnstn Loco. Engrs, 1941, 31, 462-509. (Paper No. 430).
Pp. 473-84 (17 illus.) : An abstract of a National Physical Laboratory report on experiments with models of the U and V classes: mainly the latter.
Mercury, pseud. Salute to the "Schools" 4-4-0s of the Southern. Rly Wld, 1963, 24, 164-71. 14 illus., 2 tables.
A fairly detailed history.
Townroe, S.C. The book of the "Schools" class. 1947.
A short history. Location : British Museum.
Webber, A.F. The proportions of locomotive boilers. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1937, 27, 688-763.. (Paper No. 378).
Analysis of the boiler design on a comparative basis.
Weight, R.A.H. Silver Jubilee of the Southern "Schools"- Trains ill., 1955, 8, 374-6. 3 illus.
The workings of the class in 1955, rather than history.
Winding, P. Maunsell triumvirate. Rly Mag., 1963, 109, 566-74. 10 illus., 3 tables. Bibliog.
An appreciation which also considers the N 15 and LN classes.
Winkworth, D.W. The Schools 4-4-0s. London: Allen & Unwin, 1982. 112pp.
Very thorough monograph: notes experiments on draughting; two illus. of wooden mock-up for streamlining; illus. of "30,903" (note comma) and other painting variants; much performance.

Burtt, G.F., photographer. S.R. No.923 with original nameplates (as built in Dec. 33). (Renamed Bradfield in August 1934). J. Stephenson Loco. Soc., 1949, 25, plate 8 f.p. 249.
Formerly Uppingham

4-4-0: Modifications to pre-grouping designs

South Eastern & Chatham Railway

L1:1926 : The L1 design was based on Wainwright's L class, which had been itroduced in 1914. Maunsell modified the valve arrangement to correspond the D and E class rebuilds. The boilers were adapted from the Wainwright design, hence the classification: L1.

NEW 4-4-0 locomotive, Southern Railway. Rly Engr, 1926, 47, 186. illus. diagr. (s. el.)
NEW 4-4-0 locomotives, Southern Railway. Rly Mag., 1926,58, 381 + plate f.p. 337. illus.
SOUTHERN Railway : new 4-4-0 type engines. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1926, 16, 226-8. illus.
SOUTHERN Railway : new 4-4-0 type engines. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev. 1926, 32, 106. illus.

Tank engines

0-8-0T

Z: 1929 :
The Z class was introduced for heavy shunting duties. A three.cyIinder arrangement was adopted to avoid slipping and noise.

[CLASS Z 0-8-OT, S. Rly. J. lnstn Loco. Engrs, 1929, 19, 4-7. illus., diagr. (s.&f.els.)
LOCOMOTIVES for shunting, Southern Ry.. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1929, 35, 103-4.
NEW Southern Railway locomotives. Rly Mag., 1929, 64, 350-2 + plate f.p. 337. 2 illus., 2 diagrs. s. els.)
THREE-CYLINDER shunting engine, Southern Ry., Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1930, 36, 404 + folding plate. 3 diagrs.
Includes sectionalized diagrams.

2-6-4T:
Maunsell designed the K class for express duties. The first locomotive was built in 1917, but the main batch of 19 was not introduced until 1925. In addition, one three-cylinder (class K1) locomotive was built. In 1927, two engines were derailed and the class was withdrawn from service. Subsequently, they were rebuilt into the U and Ul 2-6-0 classes (see XXX). Certain spare parts from the tank engines were incorporated into a freight tank engine version of the N1 class; the W class.

K (River class): 1925 batch;

SOUTHERN Ry.: new 2-6-4 passenger tank engines. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1925, 31, 238. illus.

K1 :1925 three-cylinder variant.

NEW three-cylinder 2-6-4 tank engine for the Southern Railway. Rly Mag., 1926, 58, 122-4. illus.
SOUTHERN Railway: new three-cylinder passenger tank locomotive. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1926, 16, 2-3. illus.
SOUTHERN Railway : three-cylinder tank locomotive. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1926, 32, 1-2. illus., diagr. (s. & fr. els.)

Retrospective and critical :
With the exception of the first two references, all are connected with the accidents at Bearsted and Sevenoaks.

CONJUGATED valve gears. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1949, 55, 41-2. 5 diagrs.
Describes the Holcroft gear which was fitted to the K1 locomotive.
Holcroft, H. Conjugated valve gears for locomotives: their history and development. Engineer, 1946, 181, 145-7; 168-70; 192-3. 21 diagrs.
Including the K1 application.
Marshall, C.F.D. Some lessons of the Sevenoaks accident. Rly Engr, 1928, 49, 139-40.
a discussion on the rolling periods of engines and their train at speed, in relation to track stresses and resistance problems".
Mount, A.H.L. Report on the derailment of a passenger train which occurred on the 20th August, 1927, between Bearsted and Hollingborne. Ministry of Transport : Railway accidents ... which occurred during the three months ending 30th September, 1927. London: HMSO, 1928. 22 p.
In this accident to the K1 locomotive the track was mainly at fault, but the springing of the locomotive was criticised.
Pringle, J.W. Report on the derailment of a passenger train, which occurred on the 24th August, 1927, near Sevenoaks, on the Southern Railway. Ministry of Transport : Railway accidents [monograph]. London, H.M.S.O., 1928. 38 p. 5 diagrs., (mcI. s. & fir. els)., 6 tables, plan.
This accident to a K class locomotive was caused by poor track, weak spring design and oscillation due to water surging in the tanks. An appendix, signed by H.N. Gresley gives the results of exhaustive riding tests carried out on the Great Northern main-line at a variety of speeds.
Sanders, T.H. The influence of springs in locomotive derailments. Rly Engr. 1931, 52, 209-13. 5 diagrs.
Four un-named accidents are discussed in detail : the 2-6-4T design is quite clearly the K class.
Sanders, T.H. (Paper No. 271). Locomotive suspension, and its influence on derailments. J. lnstn Loco. Engrs, 1931, 21, 133-55.
Very similar to the other Sanders reference.
SOME recent derailments. Rly Engr, 1928, 49, 435.
The SOUTHERN Railway derailments. Rly Engr, 1928, 49, 83.
TANK engines and the track. Engineer, 1928, 146, 320.
All of the last three references consist of editorial comments.

W:1931 :
Heavy duty three-cylinder design for London area inter-marshalling yard traffic.

NEW goods tank locomotive, Southern Railway. Rly Mag., 1932, 70, 152. illus.
NEW goods tank locomotives, class "W" on the Southern Railway. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1932, 22, 155-6. illus., diagr. (s. & f. els.)
NEW goods tank locomotives, Southern Railway., Rly Engr, 1932, 53, 62. illus., diagr. (s. & fr. els.)
SOUTHERN Railway new goods tank locomotives. Engineer, 1932, 153, 210. illus.
SOUTHERN Ry.-new 2-6-4 goods tank locomotives, class "W". Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1932, 38, 39-40. illus., 2 diagrs. (s. & fr. els.)

Retrospective and critical

Ball, J.D.W. Equivalent distributed loads for recent locomotives. Rly Engr., 1932, 53, 399-401. 4 diagrs., 2 tables.
Three designs were considered, namely the booster equipped 4-4-2s and 0-8-4Ts of the LNER and the W class

Bulleid designs

Tender locomotives

4-6-2

Merchant Navy: 1941
Most engineers allowed design to evolve by a process of progressive modification, but Bulleid departed from this pattern and his first design, the Merchant Navy class, represented a complete break with British orthodoxy (see opening of Bulleid page). The locomotives could not be considered as experiments, because they were envisaged and built as a class. Considerable controversy has arisen on the efficacy of this design and must be evaluated in relation to Bulleid's own parameters for assessment. The designer considered his product to be successful (see his own papers and Bulleid, last giant of steam, by Day-Lewis), the locomotives were capable of hauling passenger trains at high speeds, but British Railways reconstructed the entire class.

An "AIR-SMOOTHED" Pacific. Rly Gaz., 1941, 74, 272.
Editorial comment.
BRITISH locomotive developments. Rly Mag., 1941, 87, 173-6, 3 illus., 3 diagrs. (s. els.)
A DEVELOPMENT in cab comfort, Southern Railway. Rly Gaz., 1945, 82, 486; 498.3 illus.
DISC wheel centres for locomotives. Rly Gaz., 1941, 74, 552-3. 10 diagrs.
Abstract of the patent specification for B.F.B. wheels.
4-6-2 type streamlined locomotive for the Southern Railway. Engineering, 1941, 151, 230. illus., diagr.
LOCOMOTIVE coupled wheels. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1943, 49, 1-2.
Editorial comment.
"MERCHANT Navy" class locomotives. Southern Railway. Rly Mag., 1945, 91, 210-11.3 illus. Illustrations of the cab and tender.
NEW streamlined 4-6-2 express locomotives, Southern Railway. Rly Gaz., 1941. 74, 277-9. illus., diagr. (s. el.)
SOUTHERN Railway—new "Pacific engine. Engineer, 1941, 171, 181.
SOUTHERN Railway "Pacific locomotive. Rly Obsr, 1941, 13, 74-7.3 illus..
SOUTHERN Railway streamline Pacific locomotive, "Channel Packet. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1941, 47, 745. 3 illus., diagr. (s. & f. els.)

1948: experimental fitting of No. 35005 with a mechanical stoker

The BERKLEY mechanical stoker. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1948, 54, 121. illus.
MECHANICAL stoker fitted to Southern Region locomotive. Rly Gaz., 1948, 88, 753.
MECHANICAL stoker on Southern Region. Rly Mag., 1948, 94, 344-5.

1953: failure of centre driving axles.

REPLACEMENT of "Merchant Navy" class. Rly Mag., 1953, 99, 498.

1948 locomotive exchanges.

Allen, C.J. The locomotive exchanges, 1870-1948. [1950] .
Both classes of Bulleid Pacific performed well in the exchange trials, but at the cost of high fuel and oil consumption.

British Railways science based tests.

British Railways Southern Region "Merchant Navy" class 3 cyl., 4-6-2 mixed traffic locomotive. London, British Transport Commission, 1954. (2) , 12, (33) sheets. 47 diagrs., (incl. s. & f. els.),table. (Performance and efficiency tests. Bulletin No.10).

Retrospective and critical

Bulleid was the last British innovator in steam locomotive engineering. His designs departed radically from the norm and the principal changes are listed below:

Elimation of counter-balance weights
Use of high boiler pressures (280 lb/in²)
welded fireboxes
thermic syphons
short stroke cylinders
sleeve valves
chain actuated valve gears
chains as coupling rod replacements
oil baths to enclose valve gears
multiple blast-pipes
disc wheel centres (Bulleid Firth Brown)
rubber suspension units
clasp brakes
sheet steel casings simple external lines ("air-smoothed")

Tuplin painted a fairly lurid picture of the Bulleid Pacifics: The most striking three-cylinder engines on the SR were its first 'Pacifics', the air-smoothed oil-bathed 'Merchant Navy' class, not the least remarkable feature of which was that it was introduced at one of the worst periods in World War II. Sanction for expenditure at that time on what was clearly an express passenger train locomotive is thought to have been extracted on the plea that as 6 ft 2 in wheel diameter was a bit small for a high-speed 'Pacific' these were really to be mixed-traffic engines. For the 280-psi boiler pressure there was no excuse. With larger cylinders 200 psi would have sufficed; even as it was, the engines did most of their work with steam-chest pressure below 200.
The outstanding feature of the Southern 'Pacifics' was the enclosure of the mechanism associated with the inside cylinder and all the valve gear in what was intended to be an oil-tight casing. Compared with normal steam-locomotive practice, in which numerous oil-boxes were filled daily (or more often) with oil that was not recovered, the convenience and economy in lubricating a motor-car engine, simply by 'topping up' the sump, is most striking, and Bulleid made a laudable attempt to achieve the same result in a steam locomotive. But it failed, partly because of the very great and well-known difficulty of preventing oil from escaping along rotating shafts, even in the most favourable conditions, partly because of loss of oil by escape along the piston rod into the cylinder and partly because steam leakage could bring so much water into the oil-bath that parts of the mechanism suffered more corrosion than was common in the conventional exposed mechanism. the Southern 'Pacifics' did, in fact, use much more oil than did conventional three-cylinder locomotives of comparable size. Moreover, oil was plentifully absorbed by the boiler-lagging material and could catch fire to an extent that the local fire-brigade might have to be called to put it out. Each valve was worked by what was basically Walschaerts gear so laid out that a single crank on a special crankshaft both rocked the expansion link and oscillated the lower end of the combination lever. The resultant motion was not applied directly to the valve-spindle but to the end of an arm on a rocking shaft that was extended into the space between the valve-heads and there provided with an arm linked to a frame that connected them. The valves were arranged for outside admission and the only glands subjected to boiler pressure were those on the piston rods.

Allen, C.J. British Pacific locomotives.1962.
One of the strongest sections in this book surveys the Bulleid Pacifics.
Allen, C.J. and Townroe, S.C. The Bulleid Pacifics of the Southern Region. 1951.
Presumably the sections on performance were written by Allen Whilst the technical sections were produced by Townroe. There is a foreword by O.V.S. Bulleid. The material is not repeated in such great detail in the later "British Pacific locomotives", nor are the many plates which clearly illustrate the problems of smoke deflection.
Anwell, B.W. A postscript to "The Bulleid Pacifics". Trains ill., 1952, 5, 6-7.
Addenda to Allen and Townroe's book.
Anwell, B.W. Steel fireboxes. Rly Obsr, 1947, 17, 3-4.
Reflections on their use, especially by Bulleid.
Bond, R.C. Organisation and control of locomotive repairs on British Railways. J. lnstn Loco. Engrs, 1953, 43,175-265.. (Paper No.520).
Includes mileage figures, between overhauls, for the class.
Bulleid, O.V.S. Locomotive and rolling-stock developments in Great Britain. Mech. Engng., 1950, 72, 455-61. 14 illus, 2 diagrs., 2 tables.
This is based on a paper presented to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Railroad Division. It gives greater details of Bulleid's later developments than any other source.
Bulleid, O.V.S. Locomotives I have known. Proc. Instn mech. Engrs, 1945, 162 ,341-52 + 6 plates. 18 illus., 12 diagrs., 11 tables.
An unusual paper in that it selects a number of locomotive types for detailed consideration. Three are obvious (Lord Nelson modifications, Merchant Navy and Q1 classes) in that they were his own designs. The others considered were the Gresley Al, A4, 01, 02 and P2 designs, the Ivatt Atlantics and a French design. From the choice of L.N.E.R. types it appear that Bulleid agreed with much of Gresley's design policy.
Bulleid, O.V.S. and others Railway power plant in Great Britain. Proc. Instn mech. Engrs, 1947, 157, 235-9 + 4 plates. 12 illus., diagr. (s. & f. els.), 2 tables. (Centenary Lectures).
All of the above Bulleid papers consider the "Merchant Navy" design. but the next reference is the most detailed.
Bulleid, O.V.S. Some notes on the "Merchant Navy" class locomotives of the Southern Railway. Proc. Instn mech. Engrs, 1946, 154, 316-33 + 4 plates. 13 illus., 20 digars., 2 tables.
Some notes! The paper gives a reasoned outline for the design, and experience gained from operation in service.
Bulleid, O.V.S. Discussion on Cox, E.S. Balancing of locomotive reciprocating parts. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1942, 32, 2-37. Disc.:1943, 33, 218-36. (Paper No. 432).
Pp. 222-3: Bulleid comments on how horizontal oscillations, created by the short cylinder stroke and lack of counter-balances, were prevented from being transmitted to the train by the use of rubber drawbar springs.
Bulleid, O.V.S. discussion on Cox, E.S. Locomotive axleboxes. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1944, 34, pp325-7. (Paper No. 447).
Merchant Navy lubrication.
Balmore, pseud. Locomotive on shed. Trains Ann., 1956, 58-66. 10 illus.
A former Great Eastern Section man's first impressions of the class.
Burrows, M.G. and Wallace A.L Experience with the steel fireboxes of the Southern Region Pacific locomotives. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1958/59, 48, 242-80. Disc. 281-305. (Paper No. 584).
A detailed analysis.
Cocks, C.S. Discussion on Cox, E.S. and Johansen, F.C. Locomotive frames. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1948, 38, page 126 et seq. (Paper No. 473).
experience with the Merchant Navy class.
Dannatt, H.M. Discussion on: Cox, E.S. British standard locomotives. J. Instn Loco. Engrs, 1961, 41, 343-4 . (Paper No. 502).
Notes on steel fireboxes and chimney carbonization.
Evans, Jim. Man of the Southern; Jim Evans looks back.1980.
"Mr Bulleid's engines were deteriorating both internally and externally. Many had burn marks on their casings, where they had caught alight due to the oil-soaked dirt that seemed to be everywhere. The valve gear oil baths leaked at every joint, evident at stations where engines came to a stand. Hydraulic reversers no longer maintained the cut-off where it was required. Some creeping back into reverse while the engine was travelling forward at speed. Some suddenly dropped forward into full gear... Even the cylinder cocks gave up the ghost on some engines... Our [Bournemouth] Kings Arthurs and Nelsons did not seem to get any worse, often working in place of Pacifics on hard duties. It even reached the stage when some top firemen preferred a Nelson on the main line: they knew that although more skill was needed they wouldn't shift half as much coal [circa 1956]".
Evans, M. Pacific steam: the British Pacific locomotive. London, Percival Marshall, 1961 . viii, 80 p. 35 illus., 5 tables.
Clear and concise.
Haresnape, B. Bulleid locomotives. a pictorial history. 1977.
Haresnape, B. Bulleid locomotives. revised edition. 1985.
Very brief Foreword by H.A.V. Bulleid. Section 4 is an extensive account of the Leader fiasco. Appendix 1 is devoted to electric locomotives. Appendix 2 describes the influential diesel-electric locomotives and Section 6 describes the rebuilt Pacifics which were aimed to be as near British Railway standards as possible and this was achieved by Jarvis at Brighton.
Linecar, H.W.A. The "Merchant Navy" Pacifics, Southern Railway. Trains Ann., 1948, 6-9.
Based on Bulleid's "Some notes on the "Merchant Navy" class locomotives of the Southern Railway
Livesay, E.H. The Southern Railway Pacifics. Engineer, 1944, 178, 221-2.
A counter review to Tuplin's article (below).
The "MERCHANT Navy" locomotives. Engineer, 1945, 180, 508.
Editorial comment on Bulleid's "Locomotives I have known" paper.
Nock, O.S. The remarkable Bulleid Pacifics. Rly Mag., 1966, 112, 82-7. 5 illus., 3 tables. (Locomotive practice and performance).
Analysis of the design.
Rutherford, M. O.V.S. Bulleid and his work - a bibliographic survey. (Railway Reflections No. 32). .Backtrack, 11, 445-51.
This is a useful guide to Bulleid's own publications (patents excepted of course), which includes some of Bulleid's contributions to discussions on other's work and an evaluative listing of the very considerable bibliographty relating to Bulleid and his work
Tuplin, W.A. British steam since 1900. 1969.
See extract in opening to this section.
Tuplin, W.A. Southern "Pacifics" at work. Engineer, 1943, 176, 506-7; 519-22. illus. 3 diagrs., 2 tables.
A mixture of design analysis and performance: see also Livesay (above).
Winkworth, D.W. Bulleid's Pacifics. 1974.
Highly critical: contains a considerable amount of information about running in service.
Winkworth, DW Attempts to torpedo the Merchant Navy class. Rlys. South East, 1990/2, 2. 123-7.
Difficulties between the Ministries of Labour and Transport, the Railway Executive Committee and the Southern Railway over the construction of the Merchant Navy class during WW2 as researched through the PRO files. The Government officials were liable to describe the locomotives as "deluxe passenger classes".

Names

The "CUNARD White Star" locomotive: naming ceremony at Charing Cross. Rly Gaz., 1942. 76, 73. 2 illus.
No. 21C 4.
INSPECTION of new S.R. Pacific locomotive. Rly Gaz., 1941, 74, 284; 308. 2 illus.
No. 21C1 Channel Packet: includes the naming ceremony.
"MERCHANT Navy" class engine named. Rly Gaz., 1948, 89, 651. illus.
No. 35021 New Zealand Line.
"MERCHANT Navy" locomotive naming ceremony. Rly Gaz., 1943. 78, 27. illus.
No. 21C 10 Blue Star.
"MERCHANT Navy" locomotive nameplates. Rly Gaz., 1943. 78, 158; 170. 10 illus.
The NAMING ceremony, on March 27, of the fifth of Southern Railway Merchant Navy class locomotives "Canadian Pacific". Rly Gaz., 1942, 76, 463; 471. 2 illus.
No. 21C 5.
NAMING of S.R. "Merchant Navy" class locomotive. Rly Gaz., 1945, 83, 325.
No. 21C 19 French Line C.G.T.
NAMING of Southern Railway 'Merchant Navy" class locomotives. Rly Gaz., 1945, 83, 577; 621. illus.
No. 21C 14 Nederland Line and 21C 15 Rotterdam Lloyd.
NAMING of S.R."Merchant Navy" locomotives. Rly Gaz., 1942, 77, 141. illus.
No. 21C 7 Aberdeen Commonwealth and 21C 9 Shaw Savill.
NAMING Southern Railway "Merchant Navy" locomotive "Belgian Marine". Rly Gaz., 1946, 83, 465. 2 illus.
No. 21C 17.
SOUTHERN engine-naming ceremony. Rly Gaz., 1949, 90, 110. illus.
No. 35022 Holland America Line and 35023 Holland-Afrika Line.
S.R. & "United States Lines". Rly Gaz., 1945, 82, 407. 2 illus.
No. 21C 12 naming ceremony.
SOUTHERN Railway engine named. Rly Gaz., 1942, 77, 455.
No. 21C8 Orient Line.
S.R. locomotive "Elders & Fyffes". Rly Gaz., 1945, 83, 51.
No. 21C 16: naming ceremony.
SOUTHERN Railway locomotive named "P & O". Rly Gaz., 1942, 76, 656; 661. illus.
No. 21C 6 Peninsular & Orient S.N. Co.
S.R. locomotive named "Royal Mail". Rly Gaz., 1941, 75, 450; 457. 2 illus.
21C 3.
S.R. locomotive named "Union Castle". Rly Gaz., 1941, 75, 46; 89. 2 illus.
21C 2.
S.R. "Merchant Navy" class locomotives. Rly Gaz., 1945, 82, 220.2 illus.
No. 21C 11 "General Steam Navigation
SOUTHERN Railway "Merchant Navy" locomotive nameplates. Rly Mag., 1943, 89, 220-1. 11 illus.
WATERLOO engine naming ceremony. Rly Gaz., 1949, 91, 370. 2 illus.
No. 35025 Brocklebank Line.

West Country/ Battle of Britain classes:
Introduced in 1945 The only difference between the two was the names. As a design concept they were very similar to the Merchant Navy class, but lighter, and smaller in most internal dimensions. They were light enough to work over almost the entire Southern system, but powerful enough to work all but the heaviest trains at high speed. At least one of these magnificent machines has been preserved in its original condition.

4-6-2 tender locomotive: Southern Railway. Engineering, 1945, 160, 66. diagr. (s. el)
NEW 4-6-2 locomotives, Southern Railway. Rly Gaz., 1945, 83, 61+. 2 illus., diagr. (s. el), table.
NEW 4-6-2 locomotives, Southern Railway. Rly Mag., 1945, 91, 276-7. illus., diagr. (s. el.)
SOUTHERN Ry. "West country" class Pacific locomotives. J. Stephenson Loco. Soc., 1945, 21, 154-6.
S.R. "West Country" Pacifics. Engineer, 1945, 180, 54-5. illus., table.
SOUTHERN Ry. "West Country" Pacifics. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1945, 51, 112-13. illus. diagr. (s. & f. els.)

Testing:
The West Country Pacifics performed in a highly satisfactory manner during the 1948 tests, but at the expense of high fuel consumption. In the case of the running between Perth and Inverness they demonstrated how wasteful double-heading could have been abolished, but this lesson was lost on the Midland-dominated management, who would sooner use four footplatemen than one powerful locomotive.
Allen, C.J. The locomotive exchanges, 1870-1948. [1950] .

Retrospective and critical:
In view of the similarity to the "Merchant Navy" class, much of the material produced on the earlier design is relevant.

Names

"BATTLE of Britain" class engines. Rly Gaz., 1947, 87, 333. illus.
Nos.21C 151 Winston Churchill, 21C 152 Lord Dowding and 21C 64 Fighter Command" named.
"BATTLE of Britain" class engines. Rly Mag., 1947, 93, 398. illus.
As above.
NAMING ceremony at Brighton. Rly Gaz., 1948, 89, 394. illus.
No. 34071 601 Squadron.
NAMING ceremony at Waterloo. Rly Gaz., 1948, 88, 552; 557. illus.
Nos. 21C 149 Anti-Aircraft Command and 21C 158 Sir Frederick Pile.
NEW Southern Region locomotive named "Sir Eustace Missenden". Rly Gaz., 1949, 90, 193.
No. 34090.
"SIR Eustace Missenden". Rly Gaz., 1949, 90, 186. 4 illus.
SIR Eustace Missenden—Southern Railway. Rly Obsr, 1949,19, 241.3 illus.
S.R. "West Country" class named "Yeovil". Rly Gaz., 1945, 83, 522. illus.
No. 21C 104.
SOUTHERN Railway "West Country" locomotives Colonel Eric Gore Browne's naming ceremony tour. Rly Gaz., 1946, 84,502. 4 illus., map.
This was a naming ceremony tour de force whereby Colonel Gore Browne visited a number of West Country towns to name locomotives.
SOUTHERN Region locomotive naming ceremony. Rly Gaz., 1948, 88, 290. illus.
No.21C 157 Biggin Hill.
SOUTHERN Region Pacific named. Rly Gaz., 1948, 89, 27.
No. 34069 Hawkinge.
"WEST Country" class naming ceremonies. Rly Gaz., 1947, 86, 690.
Nos. 21C 111 Tavistock and 21C 113 Okehampton.
A "WEST Country" renamed. Rly Mag., 1953, 99, 207. illus.
No. 34107 change of name from Blandford to Blandford Forum
"WEYMOUTH" engine naming ceremony. Rly Gaz., 1950, 92, 31.
No. 34091

4-6-0

"Lord Nelson": 1938
After a number of experimental alterations, Bulleid re-designed the front-end of the "Lord Nelson" class. The modifications included the introduction of Lema'~tre multiple blast-pipes. These changes improved the performance and reliability of the locomotives.

BLAST pipe and chimney experiments on the Southern Railway. Rly Gaz., 1942, 76, 50-3. 3 illus., 9 diagrs. (incl. s. el.), table.
This describes the experimental front-end layouts, including experiments with a Kylchap double blast pipe.
FREEING the exhaust. Rly Gaz., 1939, 70, 251.

Updated: 2004-03-01